In a small bowl, whisk together the olive oil, miso paste, low-sodium soy sauce, grated garlic, and grated ginger until smooth.
Brush both sides of the salmon fillets with about half of the miso sauce, reserving the remainder for the vegetables; season lightly with salt and pepper if desired.
Toss the sliced carrots with the remaining miso sauce so they are evenly coated.
Arrange the salmon fillets and coated carrots in a single layer in the air fryer basket without overcrowding.
Air fry at 375°F (190°C) for 10 minutes.
Add the sugar snap peas to the basket around the salmon and carrots, then continue cooking for an additional 2–3 minutes, until the salmon is lightly browned and flakes easily with a fork and the vegetables are tender-crisp.
Serve the miso salmon and vegetables immediately over cooked white rice.