Select the Sauté function on the Instant Pot and heat a little oil for 30–60 seconds.
Add the ground meat and minced onion; cook, breaking up the meat, until mostly browned.
Add the minced garlic and cook 1 minute more, then press Cancel to stop Sauté.
Remove the meat from the inner pot and drain excess grease; set the meat aside.
Return the empty inner pot to the cooker, pour in 1/2 cup of broth, and scrape any browned bits from the bottom.
Break the spaghetti noodles in half and layer them in a criss-cross pattern in the pot to prevent clumping.
Pour the remaining 3 1/2 cups of broth over the noodles and gently press them so they are partially submerged; it’s okay if some sticks out.
Top the noodles with the reserved browned meat and pour the 24 ounces of spaghetti sauce over everything.
Secure the lid and set the valve to Sealing. Cook on High Pressure for 5 minutes.
When the cook time ends, let pressure release naturally for exactly 5 minutes, then carefully quick-release any remaining pressure by turning the valve to Venting while standing back from the steam.
Open the lid and gently toss the spaghetti, sauce, and meat together. Serve with Parmesan cheese if desired.